CHAPTER 14 ( Writing a Classification Essay )

 

                              Classification writing is a widespread type of at colleges and universities. Some schools also practice giving students the task of composing a classification on one or several topics. This is a good way of organizing objects, materials or any other data using simple method of classification. This type allows you to rank a number of objects under several titles so that you can communicate with a person using the classification titles. You should include the definition of any process you are going to research. Classification is a system of grouping objects of study or observation in accordance with their common traits. A well-composed classification shows how well you understand its notion, functions and overall role for the research field. Being more or less conventional (respectively to the subject that fulfills it and its perception of “common signs”), the classification could help simplify the communication of people using it (if the perception of “common signs” is quite common). For example, in your paper you can use the concept of monotone function without having to apply each time to the definition that makes this a subset of the functions from multiple functions in general. Such classification can be taken into consideration when choosing an appropriate topic for your paper. The basis of classification that is for a person to use is referring objects to the different categories. What you need is to give your paper topic and instructions, in order to help writers make sense of large or complex sets of things. 

CHAPTER 13 ( Comparison and Contrast )

 

                      In this chapter an author is talking about comparison and contrasts the subjects which will help you first to determine and decide which similarities, in order to make the results more clarity, by analyzing, explaining, and describing. The goal of comparing and contrasting is to help the readers understand the topics, explore what is the point. To help achieve this there are keys have to be used, starting from knowing your reader, how to help readers use the information, what they know about the subject, and what they should know. Comparing subject’s show how they are similar, while contrasting them show how they are different, what I can see in this chapter that when you reflect on similarities and differences, you gain a deeper understanding of the items you are comparing, their relationship to each other, and what is most important about them. 

CHAPTER 12 ( Cause and Effect )

 

                                The cause and effect essay explains the reasons of the event or interprets the consequences of the event. You may open your essay with a well-known outcome or situation and study what caused such a result. Another way of starting such an essay is to describe some event and then analyze its consequences. Many students find difficulty in differentiating cause and effect. If you want to define the cause of something, ask yourself “why”. Ask yourself “what” and you will determine the effect. The preparatory stage of writing this essay suggests your determining causes and effects. There may be too many causes for you to cover in your essay and you are to choose the main for presenting them in the scope of your writing. You should explain the reader that there are some other minor reasons not covered in your essay. It is important to decide whether you are writing to inform or to persuade the reader and accordingly choose your writing style, I advise to concentrate only on the most recent and direct causes (effects). Using supporting information will strengthen your essay. Feel free to provide the reader with facts, give examples. You may finish your cause and effect essay with a call for action. 

CHAPTER 11 ( Description and Reflection )

 

                      When writing a reflection essay, keep to the basic rules of five paragraph essay; give an introductory paragraph that tells about the author, the document, and the issue or issues you will develop. Develop your idea by dividing it into several important points and, therefore, into several paragraphs, give solid background information. You can either put it into separate paragraphs, or weave into writing. Use topic sentences, identify and comment on specific issues addressed in the selected text, give examples, answer the five: who, what, where, who, and when, provide some sense of the importance of this writing for your own faith development. Use good sentence structure, avoid sentence fragments and fused sentences. Descriptive essay strive to create a deeply involved and vivid experience for the reader. Great descriptive essays achieve this affect not through facts and statistics but by using detailed observation and descriptions. There’s one thing we should remember as when we write our descriptive essay that we have to show the different between showing and telling. 

CHAPTER 10 ( Narration and Decription )

 

                          Description lists the appearance, smell, mood, or other characteristics of something. Descriptive text might account the appearance of a person (he had blue eyes, a big nose, and curly brown hair), or the details of a location, or some other element that lets you immerse yourself into the story. Descriptive text adds the details that help you visualize the characters and events in your mind's eye. It — quite literally — describes a person, place, or thing. Narration is the act of giving an account. The narrator is the person or entity within a story that tells the story to the reader. The ability to describe something convincingly will serve a writer well in any kind of essay situation. The most important thing to remember is that your job as writer is to show, not tell. If you say that the tree is beautiful, your readers are put on the defensive: "Wait a minute," they think. "We'll be the judge of that! Show us a beautiful tree and we'll believe." Do not rely, then, on adjectives that attempt to characterize a thing's attributes. Lovely, exciting, interesting – these are all useful adjectives in casual speech or when we're pointing to something that is lovely, etc., but in careful writing they don't do much for us; in fact, they sound hollow. Let nouns and verbs do the work of description for you. With nouns, your readers will see; with verbs, they will feel. In the following paragraph, taken from George Orwell's famous anti-imperialist essay, "Shooting an Elephant," see how the act of shooting the elephant delivers immense emotional impact. What adjectives would you expect to find in a paragraph about an elephant? big? grey? Loud? Enormous? Do you find them here? Watch the verbs, instead. Notice, too, another truth about description: when time is fleeting, slow down the prose. See how long the few seconds of the shooting can take in this paragraph.

CHAPTER 9 ( Form of College Writing )

 

                         In this chapter on the three divisions into which most college curricula is divided, the departments of and types of writing in each division. The three curricular divisions are humanities, social sciences and natural and applied sciences. To name a few examples, Humanities is made up of departments such as archeology, dance, English, history, religion and woman’s studies. Social science is made of departments such as criminology, genetics, government and psychology. Natural and applied sciences are made up of departments such as anatomy, biology, computer science, and zoology. By showing a few examples of each division, you can tell that humanities focus more on human culture, cultural trends and religion; social sciences studies human behavior and societies, while natural and applied sciences focus the aspects of nature. This chapter also briefly shows you what types and traits of writing take place in each division. 

CHAPTER 8 ( ONE WRITER'S PROCESS )

 

                    Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking; taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information, although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Editing Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete.